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              <h2 id="学习笔记-Vue组件的定义及基本的使用方法"><a href="#学习笔记-Vue组件的定义及基本的使用方法" class="headerlink" title="学习笔记 : Vue组件的定义及基本的使用方法"></a>学习笔记 : Vue组件的定义及基本的使用方法</h2><p><em>组件的出现,是为了拆分实例的代码量的,继而能够让我们以不同的组件来划分不同功能模块. 组件是可复用的Vue实例,所以它们与<code>new Vue</code>接收相同的选项,例如 data、computed、watch、methods以及生命周期钩子等 ..</em></p>
<ul>
<li>组件化 : 从代码逻辑的角度进行划分,保证每个功能模块的职能单一</li>
<li>模块化 : 从UI设计的角度进行划分,保证前端方便UI组件的重用</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="组件的注册"><a href="#组件的注册" class="headerlink" title="组件的注册"></a>组件的注册</h3><h4 id="全局组件注册方式"><a href="#全局组件注册方式" class="headerlink" title="全局组件注册方式"></a>全局组件注册方式</h4><p><em>方式一 : 使用<code>Vue.extend</code>,及其简化模式</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">my-component</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">my-component</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">simple-my-component1</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">simple-my-component1</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">simple-my-component2</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">simple-my-component2</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
    <span class="hljs-comment">//注册组件</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> component = Vue.extend(&#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h2&gt;Stay hungray,Stay foolish&lt;/h2&gt;'</span>
	&#125;);
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'myComponent'</span>, component)

	<span class="hljs-comment">//简化模式1</span>
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'simpleMyComponent1'</span>, Vue.extend(&#123;
				template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;Stay hungray,Stay foolish&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
	&#125;));

    <span class="hljs-comment">//简化模式2</span>
    Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'simpleMyComponent2'</span>, &#123;
				template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;div&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Stay hungray,Stay foolish&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;span&gt;data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'</span>
	&#125;);

	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<p><em>方式二 : 将<code>template</code>定义为独立标签,提高代码可读性</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">template</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"myTemplate"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>Stay hungray,Stay foolish<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">template</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">simple-my-component</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">simple-my-component</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
     <span class="hljs-comment">//注册组件</span>
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'simpleMyComponent'</span>, Vue.extend(&#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'#myTemplate'</span>
	&#125;));

	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<h4 id="局部组件注册方式"><a href="#局部组件注册方式" class="headerlink" title="局部组件注册方式"></a>局部组件注册方式</h4><p><em>方式一 : <code>components</code>选项用于为组件注册从外部引入的组件</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">template</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"myTemplate"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>this is my component<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h2</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">template</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">my-component</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">my-component</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> myComponent = &#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'#myTemplate'</span>
	&#125;
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		components: &#123;
			myComponent
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<p><em>方式二</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">my-title1</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">my-title1</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">my-title2</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">my-title2</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript">
	<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> myTitle1 = &#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">name</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'myTitle'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">template</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h2&gt;Stdy hungry,Stdy foolish&lt;/h2&gt;'</span>
	&#125;
	<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> myTitle2 = &#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">name</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'myTitle2'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">template</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;Stdy hungry,Stdy foolish&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
	&#125;
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">el</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">components</span>: &#123;
			myTitle1,
			myTitle2
		&#125;
    &#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>


<h3 id="Prop"><a href="#Prop" class="headerlink" title="Prop"></a>Prop</h3><p><em>父组件在引用子组件的同时,可以通过属性绑定(v-bind)的形式把需要传递给子组件的数据,以<code>属性绑定</code>的形式,传递到子组件内部,供子组件使用,示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">son-component</span> <span class="hljs-attr">v-bind:parentmsg</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"msg"</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">son-component</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;
			msg: <span class="hljs-string">'这是父组件中的数据'</span>
		&#125;,
		components: &#123;
			sonComponent: &#123;
				props: [<span class="hljs-string">'parentmsg'</span>], <span class="hljs-comment">//只读</span>
				template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;这是子组件---&gt;&#123;&#123;parentmsg&#125;&#125;&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>,
			&#125;
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>


<h3 id="自定义事件"><a href="#自定义事件" class="headerlink" title="自定义事件"></a>自定义事件</h3><p><em>父组件向子组件传递方法,使用的是事件绑定机制,示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">my-component</span> @<span class="hljs-attr">func</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"show"</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">my-component</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript">
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> myComponent = &#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">template</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'#myTemplate'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">methods</span>: &#123;
			getMethods() &#123;
				<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.$emit(<span class="hljs-string">'func'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'你好,我是子组件!'</span>)
			&#125;
		&#125;
	&#125;
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		<span class="hljs-attr">el</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		<span class="hljs-attr">methods</span>: &#123;
			show(data) &#123;
				<span class="hljs-built_in">window</span>.alert(<span class="hljs-string">'这是父组件中的方法,子组件传递过来的数据为:'</span> + data)
			&#125;
		&#125;,
		<span class="hljs-attr">components</span>: &#123;
			myComponent
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>


<h3 id="动态组件"><a href="#动态组件" class="headerlink" title="动态组件"></a>动态组件</h3><p><em>组件间的切换,方式一 : 使用<code>if-else</code>,示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">button</span> @<span class="hljs-attr">click</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"flag=true"</span>&gt;</span>登录<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">button</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">button</span> @<span class="hljs-attr">click</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"flag=false"</span>&gt;</span>注册<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">button</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">login</span> <span class="hljs-attr">v-if</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"flag"</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">login</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">regist</span> <span class="hljs-attr">v-else</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"flag"</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">regist</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'login'</span>, &#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;这是登录组件&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
	&#125;);
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'regist'</span>, &#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;这是注册组件&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
	&#125;);
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;
			flag: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>

<p><em>组件间的切换,方式二 : 使用<code>component</code>元素,示例程序如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs html"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"app"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">button</span> @<span class="hljs-attr">click</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"componentName='login'"</span>&gt;</span>登录<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">button</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">button</span> @<span class="hljs-attr">click</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"componentName='regist'"</span>&gt;</span>注册<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">button</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">button</span> @<span class="hljs-attr">click</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"componentName='logout'"</span>&gt;</span>注销<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">button</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">component</span> <span class="hljs-attr">:is</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"componentName"</span>&gt;</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">component</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="actionscript">
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'login'</span>, &#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;这是登录组件&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
	&#125;);
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'regist'</span>, &#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;这是注册组件&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
	&#125;);
	Vue.component(<span class="hljs-string">'logout'</span>, &#123;
		template: <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h3&gt;这是注销组件&lt;/h3&gt;'</span>
	&#125;);
	<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> vm = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vue(&#123;
		el: <span class="hljs-string">'#app'</span>,
		data: &#123;
			componentName: <span class="hljs-string">'login'</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//default</span>
		&#125;
	&#125;);
</span><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">script</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
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